托福聽力你觀察到出題規律了嗎？

發布時間:2021-03-19 10:42:06來源：轉載

相信做過TPO聽力兩遍以上的同學都很清楚，托福聽力的講座部分是有很明顯的層次結構性的，那么我們要在做平時的準備當中，在聽懂了之后善于總結和概括每部分的大意。因為在了然大意之后，文章的出題點也就基本形成了。

第一、聽力文本的結構性

下面是TPO24的鱷魚講座為例：

"Take American alligators. If you were to go to a swamp during the breeding season, you'd hear a chorus of sounds, deep grunts, hisses, these are sounds that male alligators make.

And some of them are powerful enough to make the water vibrate. This sends a strong, go-away message to the other males. So the alligator can focus on sending other sound waves through the water, sound waves that you and I couldn't even hear since they are at such low frequency. But they do reach the female alligator, who then goes to find and mate with the male.

Vocalization is um...well, it is used for other reasons..."

通過信號詞(take American alligators和used for other reasons)確定這是一個小層次，在筆記中，相信大家都會記下：

Ame alligator

1. Send go away messa-> other

2. Reach female(mate)

我們可以得知：美洲鱷發聲來驅趕同性和吸引異性，總結為美洲短吻鱷的發聲的目的。再看題目

According to the professor, what are two functions of the sounds made by male alligators? Click 2 answers

To frighten predators

To attract mates

To locate hatchlings

To threaten other males

我們可以看出是細節題，但考的內容是以上總結的部分：短吻鱷的發聲的目的/功能，所以很容易的選出B和D兩個答案。

總結每個部分的分論點有兩大優點：第一能夠預判出題的大致內容;第二能防止信息混亂，尤其是在做下面的題目時，可以起到區別和定位的作用。

第二聽力題目理解上的改變

很多時候，考生很困惑主旨題的選項，雖然自己明白了大致的內容，為什么有時會做錯題目呢?針對這個問題，給出以下幾個小技巧：

1. 抽象詞具體化理解

托福聽力常考的抽象詞：difference、comparison、way、method、importance等

如果出現difference/comparison，我們就要明確本文主題是進行比較和對比的

如果出現way/method/approach，我們就要明確開頭會出現：how 這樣的字眼，那么我們就要去選擇有關方法的答案

2. 極端詞排除法

在選項中常出現極端詞匯為：first, second, the most..., new, never, always，而這些詞往往是錯誤選項，我們不需要去過多的考慮

3. 句意顛倒

選項中常出現答案是與聽力原稿中完全相反的情況，我們需要認真聽取這個細節，較好是在筆記中用符號將前后兩個名詞聯系起來，較常用"—>"，例如(TPO24 考古)：

"And with that came increased seasonality, that is, the summers became warmer, and the winters actually became colder. These extreme shifts would have put a lot of stress on the bodies of animals that were used to a more moderate range of temperatures."

"But when the seasons became more distinct, the plant communities were pulled apart, that meant, in any given area, there was less plant diversity. And as a result, uh, so the theory goes, the Ice Age animals that depended on plant diversity couldn't survive."

筆記上的記錄為：

Extreme temp -> stress -> animal body

Temp-> plant less diversity -> animal not survive

概括為溫度的變化使動物滅絕，因為植物多樣性降低，很多以此為食的動物滅絕了。

26. According to the climate change theory, how did the climate change at the end of the ice age make it more difficult for large animals to survive? Click on 2 answers

By reducing the size of their habitats

By forcing them to endure a wider range of temperatures

By reducing the variety of food available to them

By forcing them to live near humans

因此答案就是C。

4. 時刻聯系主旨

很多時候，我們在聽的一知半解的情況下，或者在兩個選項中糾結時，需要及時聯想起本篇聽力的主旨，這樣就可以將答案選出。但有時候我們要多依靠每個部分的topic sentence解題。例如(TPO 第二個對話)：

Professor: That's it. Basically. Um... so exactly what is it you don't understand?

Student: OK. I guess what I am really confused about is how the topography of the land, the mountains and valleys and stuff, affects precipitation.

筆記記錄為：

topography -> precipitation

學生不明白的是：topography如何影響降雨量，所以答案里面必須要有topography和precipitation。